PrintIf a housing inspector finds that all or a part of the building you live in is "unfit" to live in and that repairs cannot be made while you are living in the property, the Board of Health may issue a finding that the dwelling or a portion of the dwelling is unfit for human habitation.97 This finding may lead to the Board of Health's ordering that the building be condemned, that the landlord close up the property, and that the occupants vacate the portion that is unfit.
1. Right to a Hearing
If a Board of Health intends to condemn a building, it must first send all occupants a written notice. This notice must tell tenants that the Board of Health will hold a public hearing to consider whether the property or a specific part of the property should be condemned and why it should be condemned. The notice must also include a copy of the inspection report and tell you when a hearing is scheduled.98
At the hearing, the landlord, any occupant, or any other person affected may speak up and oppose the condemnation. As a tenant, you may present witnesses and documents showing why the building should not be condemned. The best way to challenge a condemnation is to show that the property is structurally sound and can be safe if certain repairs are made. You can do this by having a person who is trained to inspect residential property testify about the structural integrity of the building at the hearing.
Note
If an inspector determines that the conditions are so dangerous that the tenants must immediately vacate the building, the tenants may be denied a hearing before the Board of Health.99 The inspector must put this determination in writing.
2. Challenging an Order to Condemn
At the same time or any time after a Board of Health determines that a building is unfit for human habitation, it may issue an order to condemn. This order will state that the building must be vacated and that the landlord must close it up.100
As a tenant, you may challenge the Board of Health's order to condemn by going to court.101 There are several things you can do at court.
- If the conditions are not too severe, and your landlord has adequate funds, you can ask the judge to order the landlord to make the repairs necessary to avoid condemnation.
- If the conditions are not too severe, but the landlord does not have adequate funds, you can ask the judge to appoint a receiver to manage and repair the property. See Receivership.
- If you are able to get an order that the repairs get made and the apartment not be condemned, you will probably need to leave your apartment for a period of time in order for the repairs to be made. You may ask the judge to order your landlord or the town or city that is condemning the property to pay for a hotel room for you and your family. You may also ask the judge to make an order for a daily allowance to help you pay for food while you are displaced from your apartment.
If you have not already sought the help of an attorney, you should do so at this point. If, within one year of the order to condemn, an owner has not made the necessary repairs, the Board of Health may order the building to be demolished.102
3. Moving Expenses and Other Help
If the Board of Health condemns your building under the state Sanitary Code and orders you to vacate it, the city or town in which the building is located is required to provide occupants with relocation assistance and a relocation payment for their moving expenses.103
Tenants forced to leave their apartments due to violations of the state Sanitary Code may apply for Emergency Assistance shelter from your local Department of Transitional Assistance office. For more see Emergency Assistance Advocacy Guide
You can also apply for emergency (state public and maybe federal public) housing from your local housing authority or another housing authority.104
Endnotes
97 . 105 C.M.R. §410.831. See definition of “Condition Making a Unit Unfit for Human Habitation at 105 C.M.R. §410.020.
98 . 105 C.M.R. §410.831(B). Notice and Hearing Requirements: Tenants must receive notice of the hearing at least 5 days before it is to be held. 105 C.M.R. §410.831(C). It must also include a copy of the inspection report.
100 . If a building is not occupied, the owner and any affected person at this point has a right to a public hearing before the Board of Health.
103 . G.L. c. 79A, §13. The state housing agency, Executive Office of Housing and Livable Communities (EOHLC), then pays for half of the cost of moving by reimbursing the local Board of Health. The Bureau of Relocation (BOR) administers the state relocation assistance reimbursements. See 760 C.M.R. §27. 77 Federal Register 30586 (May 23, 2012) contains the current fixed residential moving cost schedule.
104 . Where you are being displaced for enforcement of the state sanitary code, you would qualify as an emergency for state public housing at any local housing authority that has such housing. In addition, some housing authorities have similar provisions for emergency status for federally funded public housing. You would need to check with the individual housing authority as to the type of public housing it has (and if federal, whether it provides for emergency status based on condemnation).
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